March 16, 1776
Congress issues second fasting proclamation to states

The Christian influence upon the formation of the Thirteen English colonies prior to the American Revolution, may be seen everywhere in the historical records of each colony. During and following the Revolution, America's Founding Fathers continued to influence the politics of their states and nation with their Christian faith. One of the clearest evidences of this fact is seen in the Christian spiritual proclamations Congress issued from June 1775 to August 1784—sixteen proclamations in all.Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

These sixteen proclamations may be divided into two classifications. The first classification of proclamations issued by Congress included prayer and fasting proclamations. The second may be designated as thanksgiving. Of the sixteen spiritual proclamations issued by Congress, eight were issued to each of the two classifications, of which, the following proclamation is second among the prayer and fasting.Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

image

The subject addressed in this article is discussed at greater length in When Congress Asked America to Fast, Pray, and Give Thanks to God. Christian Heritage Fellowship would be honored to work with individuals, businesses, churches, institutions, or organizations to help communicate the truth concerning the positive influence of the Christian faith by providing bulk pricing: Please contact us here...  To purchase a limited quantity of this publication, please click:  Purchase here...

Article Contents

Historical Setting of Proclamation

John Hancock

John Hancock was the son of Rev. John Hancock, pastor of the church at Braintree, Massachusetts. When John was a child, his father died, and John was adopted by his uncle, Thomas Hancock—a rich merchant from Boston. Completing his education at the Boston Latin School and Harvard, he returned to Boston to work with his Uncle. In 1764, his Uncle Thomas died and John, the one-time poor minister's orphan, found himself at the age of twenty-seven the head of Boston's leading mer­cantile house and chief heir to £70,000.[1] At the time America's War of Independence began, John Hancock was one of the wealthiest men in America.

During his first term as President of Congress, from May 24, 1775 to October 31, 1777, John Hancock presided over the passage of three Congressional proclamations related to fasting, prayer, and thanksgiving. The second of the three was passed by Congress in March of 1776, when Congress was busily tending to the business of war with Britain.

William Livingston

Congressional records suggest that the second fast proclamation was orchestrated by a very prominent figure in New Jersey politics. William Livingston was elected to serve with the New Jersey delegation to the First and Second Continental Congresses[2] and was the son of the merchant, Philip Livingston. After receiving his early education from local schools and tutors, William—at the age of fourteen—entered into missionary work when he went to live among the Iroquois Indians in the Mohawk Valley for a year with an Anglican missionary. In 1738, he enrolled in Yale College, graduating in 1741 before studying law in New York City. In October 1775, he was commissioned in the New Jersey Militia as a brigadier general. In August 1776, Livingston was elected as New Jersey's first Governor under the new state constitution; he occupied this office, being reelected each year, until his death in 1790. He was further distinguished by the fact that he served as a delegate from New Jersey to the Constitutional Convention in 1787.[3]

John Jay

It may further be noted that William Livingston's oldest daughter, Sarah Van Brugh Livingston, married John Jay, the First Chief Justice of the United States. John Jay was a leading influence in the formation of the American Bible Society in 1816 and was a deeply dedicated evangelical Christian leader. Jay's role in the Continental Congress was significant as were his subsequent duties in the life of early America. Sarah accompanied her husband to Spain and later to Paris. While in Paris, John and Sarah Jay, and their children, resided with Benjamin Franklin at Passy.[4]

Livingston Composes Second Proclamation

William Livingston's interest and role in composition of the second congressional prayer proclamation was briefly noted in the Journals of Congress:

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 13, 1776

Mr. W[illiam] Livingston moved for leave to bring in a resolution for appointing a fast, which was granted.[5]

From what may be determined from this Journal entry, William Livingston assumed responsibility for the composition of the fast proclamation of March 1776. Given the fact that most proclamations were composed by a committee, it would have been an unusual step to delegate this effort to one man. The fact that he appears to have taken the initiative in the matter speaks highly of his own spiritual interests. Only three days after being charged with the task, Livingston submitted his proclamation to Congress as a whole for approval:

SATURDAY, MARCH 16, 1776

Mr. W[illiam] Livingston, pursuant to leave granted, brought in a resolution for appointing a fast, which being taken into consideration, was agreed to as follows:

In times of impending calamity and distress; when the liberties of America are imminently endangered by the secret machinations and open assaults of an insidious and vindictive administration, it becomes the indispensable duty of these hitherto free and happy colonies, with true penitence of heart, and the most reverent devotion, publicly to acknowledge the over ruling providence of God; to confess and deplore our offences against him; and to supplicate his interposition for averting the threatened danger, and prospering our strenuous efforts in the cause of freedom, virtue, and posterity.

The Congress, therefore, considering the warlike preparations of the British Ministry to subvert our invaluable rights and privileges, and to reduce us by fire and sword, by the savages of the wilderness, and our own domestics, to the most abject and ignominious bondage: Desirous, at the same time, to have people of all ranks and degrees duly impressed with a solemn sense of God's superintending providence, and of their duty, devoutly to rely, in all their lawful enterprises, on his aid and direction, Do earnestly recommend, that Friday, the Seventeenth day of May next, be observed by the said colonies as a day of humiliation, fasting, and prayer; that we may, with united hearts, confess and bewail our manifold sins and transgressions, and, by a sincere repentance and amendment of life, appease his righteous displeasure, and, through the merits and mediation of Jesus Christ, obtain his pardon and forgiveness; humbly imploring his assistance to frustrate the cruel purposes of our unnatural enemies; and by inclining their hearts to justice and benevolence, prevent the further effusion of kindred blood. But if, continuing deaf to the voice of reason and humanity, and inflexibly bent, on desolation and war, they constrain us to repel their hostile invasions by open resistance, that it may please the Lord of Hosts, the God of Armies, to animate our officers and soldiers with invincible fortitude, to guard and protect them in the day of battle, and to crown the continental arms, by sea and land, with victory and success: Earnestly beseeching him to bless our civil rulers, and the representatives of the people, in their several assemblies and conventions; to preserve and strengthen their union, to inspire them with an ardent, disinterested love of their country; to give wisdom and stability to their counsels; and direct them to the most efficacious measures for establishing the rights of America on the most honorable and permanent basis——That he would be graciously pleased to bless all his people in these colonies with health and plenty, and grant that a spirit of incorruptible patriotism, and of pure undefiled religion, may universally prevail; and this continent be speedily restored to the blessings of peace and liberty, and enabled to transmit them inviolate to the latest posterity. And it is recommended to Christians of all denominations, to assemble for public worship, and abstain from servile labour on the said day.

Resolved, That the foregoing resolve be published.

[Note 1: 1 Printed in the Pennsylvania Gazette, 20 March, 1776.] [6]

Conclusion

One Nation Under God

The remarkable influence accorded to Christianity by the Founding Fathers in the formation of America's federal government is appropriately summarized in the next to the last sentence of the proclamation: "And it is recommended to Christians of all denominations, to assemble for public worship, and abstain from servile labour on the said day."

Though most of the states had state churches, it is evident the newly forming federal government would make no attempt to deny the states the right to regulate their own state churches. Further, though Congress made no attempt to align itself with any particular Christian denomination, it did advocate Christian worship and asked that all "abstain from servile labour on the said day."

In light of the historical facts, Americans have the right to ask questions. Is it possible that law schools throughout America have so poorly educated their students that they have little or no knowledge of America's true Christian origin? And, does such ignorance make America's courts and its judges the advocates of a new agenda never endorsed by the Founding Fathers? What is more, why have pastors and churches been more aggressive in advocating the truth? For more than half a century, America's legal system has suffered at the hands of usurpers who are determined to destroy America's Christian heritage.


Celebrating Our Christian Heritage!
We are a user supported non-profit organization.  Your small gift is tax-deductible and will go a long way to help us meet our operating budget — and it is vital, because
America deserves to know its true heritage.
Please contribute today!
Click to donate

Related Articles

Signers of the Declaration of Independence

Signers of the Declaration of Independence

American History | Christian History

Signing the Declaration of Independence required remarkable personal courage. The Founding Fathers who signed it understood that King George III and the British Parliament would regard this act as treason. After years of attempted dialog with the King and Parliament, the Signers personally calculated what it might cost them to take the bold step. Following the teaching of the American pulpit, they had come to believe that no law was above God's law, and for this reason, the devised the motto of the American Revolution: "No king, but King Jesus!Read more...

The Influence of Christianity upon the Declaration of Independence

The Influence of Christianity upon the Declaration of Independence

American Founding Fathers | Products

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, America struggles to identify the principles that distinguished her rise to world prominence. Since the end of the nineteenth century, Marxism and Darwinism have been the implements of choice employed by those seeking Her overthrow. Both of these worldviews have been evoked by atheists to destroy the religious principles upon which America has been founded. By the middle of the twentieth century, the judicial branch of American government assumed responsibility to minimize—and where possible, eliminRead more...

America's Founding Fathers Were Not Deists

America's Founding Fathers Were Not Deists

American History | Thomas Jefferson

One of the tools employed by Marxists to undermine a nation is to discredit its heritage of founding fathers. In his book, Rules for Radicals,[1] communist advocate Saul Alinsky sows the seeds of class warfare—in part—by creating “disillusionment with past ways and values.”[2] Creating dissatisfaction with a nation’s history has been a tactic employed by Marxists around the world. The Marxist attack upon America’s “past ways and values” began more than a century prior to Black Lives Matter dismantling or defacement of historic sites in 2020.FRead more...

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson

American History | June Articles | Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776) and the third President of the United States (1801–1809). At the beginning of the American Revolution, he served in the Continental Congress, representing Virginia and then served as a wartime Governor of Virginia (1779–1781). Thanksgiving and Prayer Proclamation In October 1779, the Continental Congress issued a proclamation to the Thirteen States requesting that each state issue a prayer and Read more...

John Adams

John Adams

American History | Christian Calendar (Holidays) | Christian History | July Articles | Signers of Declaration of Independence

John Adams (October 30 1735 – July 4, 1826), signer of the Declaration of Independence, was the second president of the United States (1797–1801), having earlier served as the first vice president of the United States.Read more...

Article Notes and Sources

[1] Dictionary of American Biography, s.v. "Hancock, John."

[2] Livingston served in the Continental Congresses from July 1774 to June 1776. Journals of the Continental Congress, 2:11.

[3] Dictionary of American Biography, s.v. "Livingston, William."; "William Livingston," Wikipedia, August 28, 2017; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Livingston.

[4] "John Jay," Wikipedia, August 28, 2017; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jay.

[5] Journals of the Continental Congress, 4:201.

[6] Journals of the Continental Congress, 4:208-209.

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting Proclamation

Second Congressional Fasting ProclamationSecond Congressional Fasting ProclamationSecond Congressional Fasting ProclamationChristian Heritage Fellowship FacebookChristian Heritage Fellowship FacebookChristian Heritage Fellowship FacebookInternalLinkInternalLinkInternalLinkInternalLinkInternalLinkInternalLink